On the occasion of new combustion technologies the flue gas will consist mainly of water vapor and carbon dioxide.

But there are several new clean combustion technologies such as the atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC), the pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) and others. This combustion technology is not clean enough. Today the pulverized firing (PF) technology is the most widely used combustion technology for solid fuels. The amounts of matters in flue gas are depending on the kind of fuel, on combustion technology and on boilers loads. A typical flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuels contains water vapor ( HO), 2 carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ), sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxides ( NO X ) and very small amounts of other matters. Environmental impacts Energy conversation and transmission are bound with the environmental impact. In this paper we will discuss the following issues: Environmental impact Primary energy sources and economical consumption Supply of electricity of power systems and interconnected power systems Electricity supply prospects in Estonia. Such policy is not well-founded, possible and for many countries it is harmful. The protectors of the environment recommend to finish using fossil fuels and to produce energy for consumers mainly on the basis of renewable energy sources (by wind and solar power). The participants of this movement presume that carbon dioxide going to the atmosphere during the combustion of fossil fuels causes the global climate change. The environmental policy has changed very actively. There are two problems involved: 1) the reserves of fossil fuels are decreasing and some of these may be finished already during the current century 2) the combustion of fossil fuels causes environmental problems. About 80-90% of the energy consumed in the world is obtained by combustion of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, coal and oil shale. Fossil fuels are the main * Corresponding author:Р”Сћ 90 A. Energy supply is a very complicated systemic problem that must be analyzed from the long-term time point of view. Because of that the electricity supply equipment and systems must satisfy the safety, reliability and many other requirements. The supply of electricity must be secured in sufficient quantity and quality at a competitive unit price. The supply of electricity is of course especially important, but also the supply of engine fuels and heat is very essential. Energy supply to the consumers is a vitally important service for every country and every human being.

Many countries are dealing with the restructuring of energy industry and the opening of the energy markets. During the last decades great attention has been paid to the environmental impacts and using of renewable energy resources. The new resource of primary energy nuclear fission power has been taken into use, etc. Power plants, electrical networks and electric power systems have been developing very rapidly. Great changes have been happening also in energy industry and in power engineering. Introduction Over the last years the energy consumption has rapidly increased in the world mainly due to increasing population and economic development of countries. The vector optimization of energy supply with the objective to minimize the consumption of energy sources, environmental impacts, operational and investment costs in the long-term perspectives is recommended in the paper. The problems treated in this paper are: environmental impacts, economical using of energy sources, electricity supply, optimization of power and interconnected power systems and electricity supply prospects in Estonia. VALDMA Department of Electrical Power Engineering Tallinn University of Technology 5 Ehitajate Rd., Tallinn, Estonia The problems and long-term prospects of energy supply in the world and in Estonia have been discussed in the paper. 1S, pp ISSN X doi: /oil S Estonian Academy Publishers ENERGY SUPPLY PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS A.

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